Conventional sources of energy || their types || uses and causes.

                         CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY :-

Those sources of energy which have accumulated in nature over a very, very long period of time and cannot be replaced quickly are called conventional or Non renewable sources of energy. EX= Fossil fuel, coal, pertoleum, and natural gas and nuclear fuels.

FUELS :-

The material which are burnt to produce heat and light energy ae known as fuels. EX= wood, LPG, coal, diesel and petrol. Fuel is the most important sources of energyin our everyday life. fuels released energy in the form of heat. 

The amount of heat produced by burning 1 gm of a fuel completely is knowm its calorific value. The common unit to measure calorific is kilojoules per gram [ kj/g]. The minimunm temperature on which a fuel is heated and start burning is known its ignition temperature.

Characteristic of an good fuel :- 

1] It should be easy to handle and safe to transport.

2] It should have a high calorific value.

3] it should be cheap and easy to available.

4] It should burn without giving any harmful gas.

5] It does not cause any pollution.

FOSSIL FUELS :-

A natural fuel format deep under the earth from the remains of dead plants and animals that live in past is called a fossil fuel. Fossil fuel are the major source of  energy for generating electricity.

How fossil fuel were formed :-

The plants and animals which died million of years ago, were buried deep under the earth and covered with a thick layer of sand and mud, away from the reach of oxygen and air. Due to the absence of oxygen the chemical effects of pressure, heat and bacteria converted the dead remains of part of a plant and animals into fossil fuels.

Pollution caused by fossil fuels:-

1] The burning of fossil fuels produce large amount of carbon dioxide which mixed in the air and caused dmage the environment. The increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in atmosphere increase greenhouse effect.

2] The burning of fossil fuels produce acidic gases such sulphur dioxide and notrogen gas. This cause acid rain and acid rain cause damage trees and plants, reduce the fertility of soil and danger to aquatic life.

3] The burning of fossil fuel cause large amount of air pollution as well as water pollution.

COAL :-

A coal is a complex mixture of compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and some free carbon. The small amount of nitrogen and sulphur compounds are also present in coal. A lot of heat energy is produced during the burning of coal which make it a good fuel.

Uses of coal :-

1] Coal is used as a fuel in homes for cooking food .

2] Coal is used in many industries for run industrial revolution.

3] coal is used to make coke.

4] Coal is used in the manufacturing of fuelsand natural gas.

5] Coal is used in thermal power plant for generating electricity.

Pollution caused by coal :-

1] The burning of coal leaves a lot of ash [fly-ash] and the tiny particles of ash cause air pollution.

2] The burning of coal prodeced smoke and cause a large amount of air pollution.

PETROLEUM :-

Petroleum is a dark coloured crude oil. A petroleum is a complex mixture of solids, liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons mixed with water, salt and other particles. Petroleum also contain small amounts of carbon compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur.

Petrol, diesel, kerosene, and fuel oil is made from petroleum by the fractional distillation method.

LPG [ PETROLEUM GAS ] :-

The main constituent of LPG is butane. LPG consist of mainly butane and a smaller amount of propane and ethane which has been liquified by applying a lot of pressure. It has a high calorific value and it does not cause air pollution. it is used in many homes for cooking food.

Advantage of LPG :-

1] LPG Burns with a smokeless flame.

2] LPG doe not cause air pollution.

3] LPG does not produce any poisonous gas.

4] LPG is easy to handle and safe.

NATURAL GAS :-

Natural gas is an another important fossil fuel. Natural gas produce a lot of heat energy. Natural gas consist of mainly ethane, methane, and propane. 

Uses of natural gas or CNG :-

1] Natural gas is used in thermal power plant for generating electricity. 

2] Natural gas is used as a domestic and industrial fuel.

3] Natural gas is being used in many transport vehicles.